Temperature Effect of Crystalinity in Cellulose Nanocrystal from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) using Sonication-Hydrothermal Methods

Authors

  • Zulnazri Zulnazri Department of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe and Institute Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya
  • Fika Anjana Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya
  • Achmad Roesyadi Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2017.006.01.296

Keywords:

delignification, hydrolysis, cellulose, CNCs, crystalinity

Abstract

Production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from cellulose of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) have been done. The delignification of OPEFB was mixed with 17,5% NaOH and carried out in the three-neck flask with refluxed for 2 hour at 80oC. Further the suspension was bleached with NaOCl 2% for 1 hour at 70oC. Then, to produce CNCs, Cellulose was firstly sonicated for 30 minutes at 40oC. After that cellulose was hydrolized at hydrothermal reactor for 0,1,2,3,4,5, hours at 110 and 120oC respectively. After filtration and washing, CNCs was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction and the result shows that the grade of the highest CNCs crystalinity at consentration of HCL 2 M at a temperature of 110oC with reaction time of 2 hours is equal to 75.87%.  It can be concluded that sonication-hydrothermal can increase the grade of crystalinity of cellulose nanocrystal.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1]Â Â Â P. Aliabadra., H.A. Saputra, and M. Nasikin, World Appl Sci J., 2013, 22 (5), 747-754.

[2]   S. B. Norihan. 2008. Isolation of cellulosa from sugarcane bagasse and corn cob and preparation cellulose nanocrystals from a selected pure cellulose source, www.scribd.com , accessed date July 25th2015.

[3]Â Â Â S. M Mukherjee and H. J Woods, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1953, 10, 499-511.

[4]Â Â Â C. Dan., Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived From Potato Peel Waste, 2011, London, Mc Master University.

[5]Â Â Â S. Beck-Candanedo, M. Roman, and D. G. Gray, Biomacromolecules, 2005, 6, 1048.

[6]Â Â Â J. I. Moran, V. A. Alvarez, V. P. Cyras, Analia, and A. Vazquez, Cellulose, 2008, 15, 149.

[7]Â Â Â N. A. Rosli, I. Ahmad, and I. Abdullah, Bioresour. Technol., 2013, 8, 1893.

[8]   H. Yu, Z. Qin, B. Liang, N. Liu, Z. Zhou, L. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 3938-3944.

[9]Â Â Â K. B. Azouz, E. C. Ramires, W. V. Fonteyne, N. E. Kissi, and A. Dufresne, ACS Macro Lett., 2012, 1, 236.

[10]Â D. Bondeson, and K. Oksman, Composites Part A, 2007, 38, 2486.

[11]Â K. Oksman, A. P. Mathew, D. Bondeson, and Kvien, Composite Sci. and Technol, 2006, 66, 2776.

[12]Â P. B. Filson, and B. E. Dawson-Andoh, Bioresour. Technol., 2009, 100, 2259-2264.

[13]Â F. Jiang, A. R. Esker, and M. Roman, Langmuir, 2010, 26, 17919.

[14]Â M. F. Rosa, E. S. Medeiros, J. A. Malmonge, K. S. Gregorski, D. F. Wood, L. H. C. Mattoso, G. Glenn, W.J. Orts, S. H. Imam, Carbohyd. Polym., 2010, 81, 83.

[15]Â W. Chen, H. Yu, Y. Liu, P. Chen, M. Zhang, Y. Hai, Carbohyd. Polym., 2011, 83, 1804.

[16]Â L. Tang, B. Huang, Q. Lu, S. Wang, W. Ou, W. Lin, X. Chen, Bioresour. Technol., 2013, 127, 100.

[17] A. C. Corrˆea, E. M. Teixeira, L. A. Pessan, and L. H. C. Mattoso, Cellulose, 2010, 17, 1183.

[18]Â W. Li, J. Yue, Ultrason. Sonochem., 2012, 19, 479-485.

[19]Â Isroi, M. Ishola, R. Millati, S. Syamsiah, M. N. Cahyanto, C. Niklasson, M. J. Taherzadeh, Molecules, 2012, 17,14995-15012.

[20]Â N. Johar, I. Ahmad, and A. Dufresne, Ind. Crops Prod., 2012, 37, 93.

[21]Â M. Nacos, P. Katapodis, C. Parppas, D. Daferera, P. A. Tarantilis, P. Christakopoulos, M. Polissiou, Carbohyd. Polym., 2006, 66, 126.

[22] H. Kargarzadeh, I. Ahmad, I. Abdullah, A. Dufresne, S. Y. Zainuddin, R. M. Sheltami Cellulose, 2012, 19, 855.

[23] R. Li, J. Fei, Y. Cai, Y. Li, J. Feng, Yao J., Carbohyd Polym., 2009, 76, 94.                       Â

[24]Â S. M. L. Rosa, N. Rehman, M. I. G. De Miranda, S. M. B. Nachtigall, and C. I. D. Bica, Carbohyd. Polym., 2012, 87, 1131.

[25]Â P. Satyamurthy, P. Jain, R. H. Balasubramanya, and N. Vigneshwaran, Carbohyd Polym, 2011, 83, 122, (2011).

[26]Â M. M. K. Haafiz, S. J. Eichhorn, A. Hassan, and M. Jawaid, Carbohyd Polym. 2013, 93, 628.

[27]Â A. Alemdar, and M. Sain, Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99, 1664.

Downloads

Published

2017-01-03

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2017): Edition of January - April 2017

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

How to Cite

Temperature Effect of Crystalinity in Cellulose Nanocrystal from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) using Sonication-Hydrothermal Methods. (2017). The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research, 6(1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2017.006.01.296