Study on iNOS expression and levels of Malondialdehyde in the White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Reviana Setin, Aulanni'am Aulanni'am, Chanif Mahdi
J. Pure App. Chem. Res. Vol 2, No 2 (2013), pp. 55-61
Submitted: February 07, 2013     Accepted: March 22, 2013     Published: March 22, 2013
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2013.002.02.125

Abstract



Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitant (Aa) is gram-negative bacteria composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in its outer membrane. This bacteria is normally found in dental plaque and periodontal pockets causing parotid gland damage when it is present in excess amounts. LPS is an endotoxin and a complex glycolipid composed of polysaccharides (hydrophilic) and lipid A (hydrophobic) which can induces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and increase the levels of malonaldialdehyde (MDA) and tissue damage. The aims of this research are to find the expression of iNOS parotid gland cell and to determine levels of MDA using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) spectrophotometric test at 533 nm. The results showed a significantly difference (P<0.05) of MDA levels in control rats (3.135 ± 0.0436 ppm) and Aa rats (6.307 ± 0.0473 ppm). iNOS expression is confirmed by the brown spots formed on the parotid gland, affording the enhancements of iNOS expression in Aa rats and control rats of 2.292 ± 0.038 and 0.166 ± 0.003, respectively (P<0.05).

 

Keywords       : Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Reactive Oxygen Species, malondialdehyde, iNOS


Keywords : medicinal chem
Full Text: PDF


References


Alikhani, M., Z. Alikhani, D.T. Graves. 2004. Apoptotic Effects of LPS on Fibroblasts are Indirectly Mediated through TNFR1. J Dent Res 83(9): 671-676. 2. Atmar, R.L. and K.E. Mary. 2001. Diagnosis of No cultivatable Gastroenteritis Viruses, The Human Caliciviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:15-37. 3. Bank T.L, A. Dosen, R.F. Giese, E.M. Haase and S.T. Sojar. 2011. Atomic force spectroscopy evidence of non-specific adhesion of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. JNN 11(10):8450. 4. Cuschieri, J., B. Jens and V.M. Ronald. 2006. Endotoxin Tolerance Attenuates LPS-Induced TLR4 Mobilization to Lipid Rafts: a Condition Reversed by PKC Activation. J Leukocyte Biology 80:1289-1297. 5. Kusumawati, D. 2004. Bersahabat Dengan Hewan Coba. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta 6. Li X, K.M. Kolltveit, L. Tronstad and I. Olsen. 2000. Systemic diseases caused by oral infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 13(4): 547-558. 7. Schumann, R. R., S. R. Leong, G. W. Flaggs, P. W. Gray, S. D. Wright, J. C. Mathison, P. S. Tobias and R.J. Ulevitch. 1990. Structure and function of lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Science 249, 1429–1431. 8. Tomlinson, J. L. and T.B. Anthony. 2004. Interaction between Lipopolysaccharide and The Intestinal Epithelium. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224(9):1446-1452 9. Valko, M., W. Rhoades, C.J. Moncol, M.J. Izakovic and M. Mazur. 2006. Free Radicals, Metals and Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cancer. Chem. Biol. Interact 160:1–40. 10. Waris, G. and H. Ahsan. 2006. Reactive Oxygen Species: Role in the Development of Cancer and Various Chronic Conditions. J Carcinog 5:14.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.